Internet-Draft YANG Model for TCP September 2022
Scharf, et al. Expires 15 March 2023 [Page]
Workgroup:
TCPM
Internet-Draft:
draft-ietf-tcpm-yang-tcp-09
Published:
Intended Status:
Standards Track
Expires:
Authors:
M. Scharf
Hochschule Esslingen
M. Jethanandani
Kloud Services
V. Murgai
Samsung

A YANG Model for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Configuration and State

Abstract

This document specifies a minimal YANG model for TCP on devices that are configured and managed by network management protocols. The YANG model defines a container for all TCP connections, and groupings of authentication parameters that can be imported and used in TCP implementations or by other models that need to configure TCP parameters. The model also includes basic TCP statistics. The model is compliant with Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) (RFC 8342).

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on 15 March 2023.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [RFC9293] is used by many applications in the Internet, including control and management protocols. As such, TCP is implemented on network elements that can be configured and managed via network management protocols such as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040].

This document specifies a minimal YANG 1.1 [RFC7950] model for configuring and managing TCP on network elements that support YANG, a TCP connection table, a TCP listener table containing information about a particular TCP listener, and an augmentation of the YANG Data Model for Key Chains [RFC8177] to support authentication. The YANG module specified in this document is compliant with Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) [RFC8342].

The YANG module has a narrow scope and focuses on a subset of fundamental TCP functions and basic statistics. It defines a container for a list of TCP connections that includes definitions from YANG Groupings for TCP Clients and TCP Servers [I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server]. The model adheres to the recommendation in BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks [RFC4364]. Therefore it allows enabling of TCP-AO [RFC5925], and accommodates the installed base that makes use of MD5. The module can be augmented or updated to address more advanced or implementation-specific TCP features in the future.

This specification does not deprecate the Management Information Base (MIB) for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [RFC4022]. The basic statistics defined in this document follow the model of the TCP MIB. An TCP Extended Statistics MIB [RFC4898] is also available, but this document does not cover such extended statistics. The YANG module also omits some selected parameters included in TCP MIB, most notably Retransmission Timeout (RTO) configuration and a maximum connection limit. This is a conscious decision as these parameters hardly matter in a state-of-the-art TCP implementation. It would also be possible to translate a MIB into a YANG module, for instance using Translation of Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2) MIB Modules to YANG Modules [RFC6643]. However, this approach is not used in this document, because a translated model would not be up-to-date.

There are other existing TCP-related YANG models, which are orthogonal to this specification. Examples are:

2. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

2.1. Note to RFC Editor

This document uses several placeholder values throughout the document. Please replace them as follows and remove this note before publication.

RFC XXXX, where XXXX is the number assigned to this document at the time of publication.

2022-09-11 with the actual date of the publication of this document.

3. YANG Module Overview

3.1. Scope

TCP is implemented on different system architectures. As a result, there are many different and often implementation-specific ways to configure parameters of the TCP engine. In addition, in many TCP/IP stacks configuration exists for different scopes:

As a result, there is no ground truth for setting certain TCP parameters, and traditionally different TCP implementations have used different modeling approaches. For instance, one implementation may define a given configuration parameter globally, while another one uses per-interface settings, and both approaches work well for the corresponding use cases. Also, different systems may use different default values. In addition, TCP can be implemented in different ways and design choices by the protocol engine often affect configuration options.

Nonetheless, a number of TCP stack parameters require configuration by YANG models. This document therefore defines a minimal YANG model with fundamental parameters. An important use case is the TCP configuration on network elements such as routers, which often use YANG data models. The model therefore specifies TCP parameters that are important on such TCP stacks.

This in particular applies to the support of TCP-AO [RFC5925] and the corresponding cryptographic algorithms [RFC5926]. TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) is used on routers to secure routing protocols such as BGP. In that case, a YANG model for TCP-AO configuration is required. The model defined in this document includes the required parameters for TCP-AO configuration, such as the values of SendID and RecvID. The keychain for TCP-AO can be modeled by the YANG Data Model for Key Chains [RFC8177]. The groupings defined in this document can be imported and used as part of such a preconfiguration.

Given an installed base, the model also allows enabling of the legacy TCP MD5 [RFC2385] signature option. The TCP MD5 signature option was obsoleted by TCP-AO in 2010. If current implementations require TCP authentication, it is RECOMMENDED to use TCP-AO [RFC5925].

Similar to the TCP MIB [RFC4022], this document also specifies basic statistics, a TCP connection list, and a TCP listener list.

This allows implementations of TCP MIB [RFC4022] to migrate to the YANG model defined in this memo. Note that the TCP MIB does not include means to reset statistics, which are defined in this document. This is not a major addition, as a reset can simply be implemented by storing offset values for the counters.

This version of the module does not model details of Multipath TCP [RFC8684]. This could be addressed in a later version of this document.

3.2. Model Design

The YANG model defined in this document includes definitions from the YANG Groupings for TCP Clients and TCP Servers [I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server]. Similar to that model, this specification defines YANG groupings. This allows reuse of these groupings in different YANG data models. It is intended that these groupings will be used either standalone or for TCP-based protocols as part of a stack of protocol-specific configuration models. An example could be the BGP YANG Model for Service Provider Networks [I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-model].

3.3. Tree Diagram

This section provides an abridged tree diagram for the YANG module defined in this document. Annotations used in the diagram are defined in YANG Tree Diagrams [RFC8340]. A complete tree diagram can be found in the Appendix.

module: ietf-tcp
  +--rw tcp!
     +--rw connections
     |     ...
     +--ro tcp-listeners* [type address port]
     |     ...
     +--ro statistics {statistics}?
           ...

  augment /key-chain:key-chains/key-chain:key-chain/key-chain:key:
    +--rw authentication {authentication}?
       +--rw keychain?    key-chain:key-chain-ref
       +--rw (authentication)?
             ...

4. TCP YANG Model

This YANG module references The TCP Authentication Option [RFC5925], Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature [RFC2385], Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specification [RFC9293], and imports Common YANG Data Types [RFC6991], The NETCONF Access Control Model [RFC8341], and YANG Groupings for TCP Clients and TCP Servers [I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server].

<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-tcp@2022-09-11.yang"


module ietf-tcp {
  yang-version "1.1";
  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-tcp";
  prefix "tcp";

  import ietf-yang-types {
    prefix "yang";
    reference
      "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types.";
  }
  import ietf-tcp-common {
    prefix "tcpcmn";
    reference
      "I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server: YANG Groupings for TCP
       Clients and TCP Servers.";
  }
  import ietf-inet-types {
    prefix "inet";
    reference
      "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types.";
  }
  import ietf-netconf-acm {
    prefix nacm;
    reference
      "RFC 8341: Network Configuration Access Control Model";
  }
  import ietf-key-chain {
    prefix key-chain;
    reference
      "RFC 8177: YANG Key Chain.";
  }

  organization
    "IETF TCPM Working Group";

  contact
    "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tcpm/about>
     WG List:  <tcpm@ietf.org>

     Authors: Michael Scharf (michael.scharf at hs-esslingen dot de)
              Mahesh Jethanandani (mjethanandani at gmail dot com)
              Vishal Murgai (vmurgai at gmail dot com)";

  description
    "This module focuses on fundamental TCP functions and basic
     statistics. The model can be augmented to address more advanced
     or implementation specific TCP features.

     Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
     authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
     the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
     forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
     Relating to IETF Documents
     (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

     This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
     (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself
     for full legal notices.

     The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL
     NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED',
     'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as
     described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when,
     they appear in all capitals, as shown here.";

  revision "2022-09-11" {
    description
      "Initial Version";
    reference
      "RFC XXXX, A YANG Model for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                 Configuration and State.";
  }

  // Typedefs
  typedef mss {
    type uint16;
    description
      "Type definition for Maximum Segment Size.";
  }

  // Features
  feature statistics {
    description
      "This implementation supports statistics reporting.";
  }

  feature authentication {
    description
      "This implementation supports authentication.";
  }

  // Identities
  identity aes-128 {
    base key-chain:crypto-algorithm;
    description
      "AES128 authentication algorithm used by TCP-AO.";
    reference
       "RFC 5926: Cryptographic Algorithms for the TCP
        Authentication Option (TCP-AO).";
  }

  // TCP-AO Groupings

  grouping ao {
    leaf send-id {
      type uint8 {
        range "0..max";
      }
      description
        "The SendID is inserted as the KeyID of the TCP-AO option
         of outgoing segments. In a consistent configuration, the
         SendID matches the RecvID at the other endpoint.";
      reference
        "RFC 5925: The TCP Authentication Option, Section 3.1.";
    }

    leaf recv-id {
      type uint8 {
        range "0..max";
      }
      description
        "The RecvID is matched against the TCP-AO KeyID of incoming
         segments. In a consistent configuration, the RecvID matches
         the SendID at the other endpoint.";
      reference
        "RFC 5925: The TCP Authentication Option, Section 3.1.";
    }

    leaf include-tcp-options {
      type boolean;
      default true;
      description
        "When set to true, TCP options are included in MAC
         calculation.";
      reference
        "RFC 5925: The TCP Authentication Option, Section 3.1.";
    }

    leaf accept-key-mismatch {
      type boolean;
      description
        "Accept, when set to true, TCP segments with a Master Key
         Tuple (MKT) that is not configured.";
      reference
        "RFC 5925: The TCP Authentication Option, Section 7.3.";
    }

    leaf r-next-key-id {
      type uint8;
      config false;
      description
        "A field indicating the Master Key Tuple (MKT) that is ready
         at the sender to be used to authenticate received segments,
         i.e., the desired 'receive next' key ID.";
      reference
        "RFC 5925: The TCP Authentication Option.";
    }

    description
      "Authentication Option (AO) for TCP.";
    reference
      "RFC 5925: The TCP Authentication Option.";
  }

  // TCP configuration

  container tcp {
    presence "The container for TCP configuration.";

    description
      "TCP container.";

    container connections {
      list connection {
        key "local-address remote-address local-port remote-port";

        leaf local-address {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description
            "Identifies the address that is used by the local
             endpoint for the connection, and is one of the four
             elements that form the connection identifier.";
        }

        leaf remote-address {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description
            "Identifies the address that is used by the remote
             endpoint for the connection, and is one of the four
             elements that form the connection identifier.";
        }

        leaf local-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          description
            "Identifies the local TCP port used for the connection,
             and is one of the four elements that form the
             connection identifier.";
        }

        leaf remote-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          description
            "Identifies the remote TCP port used for the connection,
             and is one of the four elements that form the
             connection identifier.";
        }

        leaf mss {
          type mss;
          description
            "Maximum Segment Size (MSS) desired on this connection.
             Note, the 'effective send MSS' can be smaller than
             what is configured here.";
          reference
            "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                       Specification.";
        }

        leaf pmtud {
          type boolean;
          default false;
          description
            "Turns Path Maximum Transmission Unit Discovery (PMTUD)
             on (true) or off (false).";
          reference
            "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                       Specification.";
        }

        uses tcpcmn:tcp-common-grouping;

        leaf state {
          type enumeration {
            enum closed {
              value 1;
              description
                "Connection is closed. Connections in this state
                 may not appear in this list.";
            }
            enum listen {
              value 2;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a connection request from any
                 remote TCP peer and port.";
            }
            enum syn-sent {
              value 3;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a matching connection request
                 after having sent a connection request.";
            }
            enum syn-received {
              value 4;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a confirming connection
                 request acknowledgment after having both received
                 and sent a connection request.";
            }
            enum established {
              value 5;
              description
                "Represents an open connection, data received can be
                 delivered to the user. The normal state for the data
                 transfer phase of the connection.";
            }
            enum fin-wait-1 {
              value 6;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a connection termination
                 request from the remote TCP peer, or an
                 acknowledgment of the connection termination request
                 previously sent.";
            }
            enum fin-wait-2 {
              value 7;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a connection termination
                 request from the remote TCP peer.";
            }
            enum close-wait {
              value 8;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a connection termination
                 request from the local user.";
            }
            enum last-ack {
              value 9;
              description
                "Represents waiting for an acknowledgment of the
                 connection termination request previously sent to
                 the remote TCP peer (this termination request sent
                 to the remote TCP peer already included an
                 acknowledgment of the termination request sent from
                 the remote TCP peer)";
            }
            enum closing {
              value 10;
              description
                "Represents waiting for a connection termination
                 request acknowledgment from the remote TCP peer.";
            }
            enum time-wait {
              value 11;
              description
                "Represents waiting for enough time to pass to be
                 sure the remote TCP peer received the acknowledgment
                 of its connection termination request, and to avoid
                 new connections being impacted by delayed segments
                 from previous connections.";
            }
          }
          config false;
          description
            "The state of this TCP connection.";
        }
        description
          "List of TCP connections with their parameters.

           The list is modeled as writeable even though only some of
           the nodes are writeable, e.g. keepalive. Connections
           that are created and match this list SHOULD apply the
           writeable parameters. At the same time, implementations
           may not allow creation of new TCP connections simply by
           adding entries to the list. Furthermore, the behavior
           upon removal is implementation-specific. Implementations
           may not support closing or resetting a TCP connection
           upon an operation that removes the entry from the list.

           The operational state of this list SHOULD reflect
           connections that have configured, but not created, and
           connections that have been created. Connections in
           CLOSED state are not reflected on this list.";
      }
      description
        "A container of all TCP connections.";
    }

    list tcp-listeners {
      key "type address port";
      config false;

      description
        "A table containing information about a particular
         TCP listener.";

      leaf type {
        type inet:ip-version;
        description
          "The address type of address.  The value
           should be unspecified (0) if connection initiations
           to all local IP addresses are accepted.";
      }

      leaf address {
        type union {
          type inet:ip-address;
          type string {
            length 0;
          }
        }
        description
          "The local IP address for this TCP connection.

           The value of this node can be represented in three
           possible ways, depending on the characteristics of the
           listening application:

           1. For an application willing to accept both IPv4 and
              IPv6 datagrams, the value of this node must be
              ''h (a zero-length octet-string), with the value
              of the corresponding 'type' object being
              unspecified (0).

           2. For an application willing to accept only IPv4 or
              IPv6 datagrams, the value of this node must be
              '0.0.0.0' or '::' respectively, with
              'type' representing the appropriate address type.

           3. For an application which is listening for data
              destined only to a specific IP address, the value
              of this node is the specific local address, with
              'type' representing the appropriate address type.";
      }

      leaf port {
        type inet:port-number;
        description
          "The local port number for this TCP connection.";
      }
    }

    container statistics {
      if-feature statistics;
      config false;

      leaf active-opens {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The number of times that TCP connections have made a
           direct transition to the SYN-SENT state from the CLOSED
           state.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf passive-opens {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
           transition to the SYN-RCVD state from the LISTEN state.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf attempt-fails {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The number of times that TCP connections have made a
           direct transition to the CLOSED state from either the
           SYN-SENT state or the SYN-RCVD state, plus the number of
           times that TCP connections have made a direct transition
           to the LISTEN state from the SYN-RCVD state.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf establish-resets {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The number of times that TCP connections have made a
           direct transition to the CLOSED state from either the
           ESTABLISHED state or the CLOSE-WAIT state.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf currently-established {
        type yang:gauge32;
        description
          "The number of TCP connections for which the current state
           is either ESTABLISHED or CLOSE-WAIT.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf in-segments {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The total number of TCP segments received, including those
           received in error. This count includes TCP segments
           received on currently established connections.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf out-segments {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The total number of TCP segments sent, including those on
           current connections but excluding those containing only
           retransmitted octets.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf retransmitted-segments {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The total number of TCP segments retransmitted; that is,
           the number of TCP segments transmitted containing one or
           more previously transmitted octets.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf in-errors {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The total number of TCP segments received in error
           (e.g., bad TCP checksums).";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf out-resets {
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The number of TCP segments sent containing the RST flag.";
        reference
          "RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
                     Specification.";
      }

      leaf auth-failures {
        if-feature authentication;
        type yang:counter64;
        description
          "The number of times that authentication has failed either
           with TCP-AO or MD5.";
      }

      action reset {
        nacm:default-deny-all;
        description
          "Reset statistics action command.";
        input {
          leaf reset-at {
            type yang:date-and-time;
            description
              "Time when the reset action needs to be
               executed.";
          }
        }
        output {
          leaf reset-finished-at {
            type yang:date-and-time;
            description
              "Time when the reset action command completed.";
          }
        }
      }
      description
        "Statistics across all connections.";
    }
  }

  augment "/key-chain:key-chains/key-chain:key-chain/key-chain:key" {
    description
      "Augmentation of the key-chain model to add TCP-AO and TCP-MD5
       authentication.";

    container authentication {
      if-feature authentication;
      leaf keychain {
        type key-chain:key-chain-ref;
        description
          "Reference to the key chain that will be used by
           this model. Applicable for TCP-AO and TCP-MD5
           only";
        reference
          "RFC 8177: YANG Key Chain.";
      }

      choice authentication {
        container ao {
          presence "Presence container for all TCP-AO related" +
                   " configuration";
          uses ao;
          description
            "Use TCP-AO to secure the connection.";
        }

        container md5 {
          presence "Presence container for all MD5 related" +
                   " configuration";
          description
            "Use TCP-MD5 to secure the connection. As the TCP MD5
             signature option is obsoleted by TCP-AO, it is
             RECOMMENDED to use TCP-AO instead.";
          reference
            "RFC 2385: Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5
                       Signature.";
        }
        description
          "Choice of TCP authentication.";
      }
      description
        "Authentication definitions for TCP configuration.
         This includes parameters such as how to secure the
         connection, that can be part of either the client
         or server.";
    }
  }
}


<CODE ENDS>

5. IANA Considerations

5.1. The IETF XML Registry

This document registers an URI in the "ns" subregistry of the IETF XML Registry [RFC3688]. Following the format in IETF XML Registry [RFC3688], the following registration is requested:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-tcp
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

5.2. The YANG Module Names Registry

The following entry is requested to be added to the "YANG Module Names" registry created by YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) [RFC6020]:

   name:         ietf-tcp
   namespace:    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-tcp
   prefix:       tcp
   reference:    RFC XXXX (this document)

The registration is not maintained by IANA.

6. Security Considerations

The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via network management protocols such as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH) described in Using the NETCONF protocol over SSH [RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS [RFC8446].

The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341] provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content.

There are a number of data nodes defined in this YANG module that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., "config true", which is the default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g., edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

Some of the readable data nodes in this YANG module may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config, or notification) to these data nodes. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

Some of the RPC operations in this YANG module may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to control access to these operations. These are the operations and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

The module specified in this document supports MD5 to basically accommodate the installed BGP base. MD5 suffers from the security weaknesses discussed in Section 2 of RFC 6151 [RFC6151] or Section 2.1 of RFC 6952 [RFC6952].

7. References

7.1. Normative References

[I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server]
Watsen, K. and M. Scharf, "YANG Groupings for TCP Clients and TCP Servers", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server-13, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server-13.txt>.
[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2385]
Heffernan, A., "Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option", RFC 2385, DOI 10.17487/RFC2385, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2385>.
[RFC3688]
Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
[RFC5925]
Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP Authentication Option", RFC 5925, DOI 10.17487/RFC5925, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5925>.
[RFC5926]
Lebovitz, G. and E. Rescorla, "Cryptographic Algorithms for the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO)", RFC 5926, DOI 10.17487/RFC5926, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5926>.
[RFC6020]
Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020, DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC6241]
Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242]
Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
[RFC6991]
Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types", RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.
[RFC7950]
Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8040]
Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8177]
Lindem, A., Ed., Qu, Y., Yeung, D., Chen, I., and J. Zhang, "YANG Data Model for Key Chains", RFC 8177, DOI 10.17487/RFC8177, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8177>.
[RFC8340]
Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams", BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.
[RFC8341]
Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341, DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.
[RFC8342]
Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.
[RFC8446]
Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.
[RFC9293]
Eddy, W., Ed., "Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)", STD 7, RFC 9293, DOI 10.17487/RFC9293, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9293>.

7.2. Informative References

[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model]
Hares, S., Jeong, J. P., Kim, J. T., Moskowitz, R., and Q. Lin, "I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model-32, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model-32.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm]
Kim, J. T., Jeong, J. P., Park, J., Hares, S., and Q. Lin, "I2NSF Network Security Function-Facing Interface YANG Data Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm-29, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm-29.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-model]
Jethanandani, M., Patel, K., Hares, S., and J. Haas, "BGP YANG Model for Service Provider Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-idr-bgp-model-14, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-idr-bgp-model-14.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-taps-interface]
Trammell, B., Welzl, M., Enghardt, T., Fairhurst, G., Kuehlewind, M., Perkins, C., Tiesel, P. S., and T. Pauly, "An Abstract Application Layer Interface to Transport Services", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-taps-interface-16, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-taps-interface-16.txt>.
[RFC4022]
Raghunarayan, R., Ed., "Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)", RFC 4022, DOI 10.17487/RFC4022, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4022>.
[RFC4364]
Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>.
[RFC4898]
Mathis, M., Heffner, J., and R. Raghunarayan, "TCP Extended Statistics MIB", RFC 4898, DOI 10.17487/RFC4898, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4898>.
[RFC6151]
Turner, S. and L. Chen, "Updated Security Considerations for the MD5 Message-Digest and the HMAC-MD5 Algorithms", RFC 6151, DOI 10.17487/RFC6151, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6151>.
[RFC6643]
Schoenwaelder, J., "Translation of Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2) MIB Modules to YANG Modules", RFC 6643, DOI 10.17487/RFC6643, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6643>.
[RFC6952]
Jethanandani, M., Patel, K., and L. Zheng, "Analysis of BGP, LDP, PCEP, and MSDP Issues According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guide", RFC 6952, DOI 10.17487/RFC6952, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6952>.
[RFC8512]
Boucadair, M., Ed., Sivakumar, S., Jacquenet, C., Vinapamula, S., and Q. Wu, "A YANG Module for Network Address Translation (NAT) and Network Prefix Translation (NPT)", RFC 8512, DOI 10.17487/RFC8512, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8512>.
[RFC8513]
Boucadair, M., Jacquenet, C., and S. Sivakumar, "A YANG Data Model for Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite)", RFC 8513, DOI 10.17487/RFC8513, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8513>.
[RFC8519]
Jethanandani, M., Agarwal, S., Huang, L., and D. Blair, "YANG Data Model for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)", RFC 8519, DOI 10.17487/RFC8519, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8519>.
[RFC8684]
Ford, A., Raiciu, C., Handley, M., Bonaventure, O., and C. Paasch, "TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses", RFC 8684, DOI 10.17487/RFC8684, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8684>.
[RFC8783]
Boucadair, M., Ed. and T. Reddy.K, Ed., "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel Specification", RFC 8783, DOI 10.17487/RFC8783, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8783>.
[RFC9182]
Barguil, S., Gonzalez de Dios, O., Ed., Boucadair, M., Ed., Munoz, L., and A. Aguado, "A YANG Network Data Model for Layer 3 VPNs", RFC 9182, DOI 10.17487/RFC9182, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9182>.
[RFC9235]
Touch, J. and J. Kuusisaari, "TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) Test Vectors", RFC 9235, DOI 10.17487/RFC9235, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9235>.

Appendix A. Acknowledgements

Michael Scharf was supported by the StandICT.eu project, which is funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme.

The following persons have contributed to this document by reviews (in alphabetical order): Mohamed Boucadair, Gorry Fairhurst, Jeffrey Haas, and Tom Petch.

Appendix B. Examples

B.1. Keepalive Configuration

This particular example demonstrates how both a particular connection can be configured for keepalives.

NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
This example shows how TCP keepalive, MSS and PMTU can be configured \

for a given connection. An idle connection is dropped after
idle-time + (max-probes * probe-interval).
-->
<tcp
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-tcp">
  <connections>
    <connection>
      <local-address>192.0.2.1</local-address>
      <remote-address>192.0.2.2</remote-address>
      <local-port>1025</local-port>
      <remote-port>22</remote-port>
      <mss>1400</mss>
      <pmtud>true</pmtud>
      <keepalives>
        <idle-time>5</idle-time>
        <max-probes>5</max-probes>
        <probe-interval>10</probe-interval>
      </keepalives>
    </connection>
  </connections>
</tcp>

B.2. TCP-AO Configuration

The following example demonstrates how to model a TCP-AO [RFC5925] configuration for the example in TCP-AO Test Vectors [RFC9235]. The IP addresses and other parameters are taken from the test vectors.

NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
This example sets TCP-AO configuration parameters similar to
the examples in RFC 9235.
-->

<key-chains
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain">
  <key-chain>
    <name>ao-config</name>
    <description>"An example for TCP-AO configuration."</description>\

    <key>
      <key-id>55</key-id>
      <lifetime>
        <send-lifetime>
          <start-date-time>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</start-date-time>
          <end-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:00Z</end-date-time>
        </send-lifetime>
        <accept-lifetime>
          <start-date-time>2016-12-31T23:59:55Z</start-date-time>
          <end-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:05Z</end-date-time>
        </accept-lifetime>
      </lifetime>
      <crypto-algorithm
          xmlns:tcp=
          "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-tcp">tcp:aes-128</crypto-algorit\
hm>
      <key-string>
        <keystring>testvector</keystring>
      </key-string>
      <authentication
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-tcp">
        <keychain>ao-config</keychain>
        <ao>
          <send-id>61</send-id>
          <recv-id>84</recv-id>
        </ao>
      </authentication>
    </key>
  </key-chain>
</key-chains>

Appendix C. Complete Tree Diagram

Here is the complete tree diagram for the TCP YANG model.

module: ietf-tcp
  +--rw tcp!
     +--rw connections
     |  +--rw connection*
     |          [local-address remote-address local-port remote-port]
     |     +--rw local-address     inet:ip-address
     |     +--rw remote-address    inet:ip-address
     |     +--rw local-port        inet:port-number
     |     +--rw remote-port       inet:port-number
     |     +--rw mss?              mss
     |     +--rw pmtud?            boolean
     |     +--rw keepalives! {keepalives-supported}?
     |     |  +--rw idle-time         uint16
     |     |  +--rw max-probes        uint16
     |     |  +--rw probe-interval    uint16
     |     +--ro state?            enumeration
     +--ro tcp-listeners* [type address port]
     |  +--ro type       inet:ip-version
     |  +--ro address    union
     |  +--ro port       inet:port-number
     +--ro statistics {statistics}?
        +--ro active-opens?             yang:counter64
        +--ro passive-opens?            yang:counter64
        +--ro attempt-fails?            yang:counter64
        +--ro establish-resets?         yang:counter64
        +--ro currently-established?    yang:gauge32
        +--ro in-segments?              yang:counter64
        +--ro out-segments?             yang:counter64
        +--ro retransmitted-segments?   yang:counter64
        +--ro in-errors?                yang:counter64
        +--ro out-resets?               yang:counter64
        +--ro auth-failures?            yang:counter64
        |       {authentication}?
        +---x reset
           +---w input
           |  +---w reset-at?   yang:date-and-time
           +--ro output
              +--ro reset-finished-at?   yang:date-and-time

  augment /key-chain:key-chains/key-chain:key-chain/key-chain:key:
    +--rw authentication {authentication}?
       +--rw keychain?    key-chain:key-chain-ref
       +--rw (authentication)?
          +--:(ao)
          |  +--rw ao!
          |     +--rw send-id?               uint8
          |     +--rw recv-id?               uint8
          |     +--rw include-tcp-options?   boolean
          |     +--rw accept-key-mismatch?   boolean
          |     +--ro r-next-key-id?         uint8
          +--:(md5)
             +--rw md5!

Authors' Addresses

Michael Scharf
Hochschule Esslingen - University of Applied Sciences
Kanalstr. 33
73728 Esslingen
Germany
Mahesh Jethanandani
Kloud Services
Vishal Murgai
Samsung